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Kambar (Tamil: கம்பர்) was a medieval Tamil poet and the author of the Tamil Ramayanam known as Kambaramayanam), the Tamil version of Ramayana^[1]. Kambar also authored other literary works in Tamil such as Erezhupathu, Kangai Puranam and Sarasvati Anthati.^[1]

Life

Kambar belonged to the Ochchan or Occhan caste, traditionally nadaswaram players in southern India^[2][3]. But he was brought up in the household of a wealthy farmer in Vennai Nellur in south India. The chola king Rajendra Chola having heard of this talented bard, summoned him to his court and honoured him with the title Kavi Chakravarthi or The King of Poets^[1].

Kamban flourished in the 12th Century in Therazhundur, a village in the culturally rich Thanjavur District in the modern state of Tamil Nadu in South India. Kamban was a great scholar of India's two ancient and rich languages, Sanskrit and Tamil. Mahavidwan R. Raghava Iyengar in a scholarly biography,Kavichakravarty Kamban writes in detail about this 12th century poet.

According to tradition, Kambar's son, Ambikapathi was put to death after having fallen in love with the King's daughter and Kambar himself had to flee. In his old age, he was obliged to support himself doing manual labour^[1]. He was then supported and patronized by his friend Vallal Sadaiyappa Mudaliar^[4].

Kamba Ramayanam

The original version of Ramayana was written by Sage Valmiki. This epic of 24,000 verses tells of a Raghuvamsa prince, Rama of Ayodhya, whose wife Sita is abducted by Ravana, a mighty emperor. In Hindu mythology Rama is considered to be the Seventh incarnation of God Vishnu, one of the Hindu holy trinity (Brahma and Shiva completing the trinity).

The Ramavataram or Kamba Ramayanam of Kamban is an epic of about 11,000 stanzas as opposed to Valmiki's 24000 couplets^[5]. The Rama-avataram or Rama-kathai as it was originally called was accepted into the holy precincts in the presence of the Vaishnava Acharya Nathamuni^[6].

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Kamba Ramayana is not a translation of the Sanskrit epic by Valmiki, but an original retelling of the story of the God Rama^[6]. The poetic work is well known for its similes.

Legend has it that the entire episode was written in one night by Lord Ganesha. Ganesha is said to have written the poems that Kambar dictated to him during the night, as Kambar procrastinated the work till the day before the deadline set by the King.

There is also a legend that Ottakuthar, an eminent Tamil poet also composed Ramayanam. But Kambaramayanam was accepted by other poets. Hence he burnt his composition. Kambar recovered last two chapters of Ottakuthar composition and added into his composition.

Notes

1. ^ ^abcd The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia By Edward Balfour
2. ^ Tamil Social History By N. Subrahmanian, Shu Hikosaka, G. John Samuel, P.Thiagarajan, Institute of Asian Studies (Madras, India)
3. ^ India's Communities by Kumar Suresh Singh, Anthropological Survey of India - Ethnology - 1992 - 4146 pages
4. ^ Tamil Polity, C. A.D. 600-c. A.D. 1300 By R. Rajalakshmi
5. ^ Legend of Ram By Sanujit Ghose
6. ^ ^ab Rays and Ways of Indian Culture By D. P. Dubey

only the Valmiki Ramayana is supposed go have been written by Lord Ganesha according to Indian Mythology and not the Kamba Ramayana.