The Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) is a British independent not-for-profit company limited by guarantee, which was established in 2003 upon the recommendation of the public inquiry into the Ladbroke Grove rail crash.^[1] It is owned by rail industry stakeholders, including Network Rail, infrastructure managers, train operating companies and rolling stock companies.^[2] As a condition of their license obligations, most train operators are required by the Office of Rail and Road (ORR) to be members of RSSB and to comply with the obligations of membership. ^[3]

According to the ORR 'The RSSB's principal objective is to lead and facilitate the rail industry's work to achieve continuous improvement in the health and safety performance of the railways in Great Britain.'^[3]

In this regard, it is intended to lead the other bodies associated with the Great Britain rail network:

• The Office of Rail and Road – regulatory body
• Network Rail – owner and maintainer of rail infrastructure
• The Rail Delivery Group – operators of services on the network

(there is also National Rail which is the public face of the rail network).

The Board is responsible for the publication and updating of the British Railway Rule Book,^[4] which defines technical standards and operating procedures. The RSSB promotes the Trackoff programme promoting rail safety within schools,^[5] and the Sustainable Rail Programme^[6] which has been established to support the rail industry in reaching its full potential for a sustainable transport system.In conjunction with UIC, RSSB provides SPARK, a web tool for the rail industry to share information and help drive innovation.^[7]

Features of high-visibility clothing have improved the effectiveness and contributed to improved safety for rail workers and other staff.^[8]The specifications for Rail Industry Standard RIS-3279-TOM (fluorescent orange) high-visibility clothing suitable for use on railways in the United Kingdom are published by the Rail Safety and Standards Board.^[9]

RSSB also operates the GB railway supplier assurance scheme RISQS,^[10] and the confidential incident reporting line, CIRAS.^[11]

References[edit]

1. ^The Rt Hon Lord Cullen PC (2001). The Ladbroke Grove Rail Inquiry, Part 2 Report(PDF). Health and Safety Commission. pp. 11–12. ISBN0-7176-2107-3. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
2. ^'The RSSB chief executive describes how risk management has improved safety on GB railways'. Contingency Today. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
3. ^ ^ab'License Obligations'. ORR. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
4. ^'Rule Book'(PDF). Railway Group Standards online. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
5. ^'Welcome to Trackoff'. RSSB. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
6. ^'Sustainable Rail Programme'(PDF). RSSB. Retrieved 1 January 2009.^{[dead link]}
7. ^'Spark'. International Union of Railways. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
8. ^'EN ISO 20471:2013'(PDF). XMSilverline. 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
9. ^'Rail Industry Standard for High Visibility Clothing'(PDF). Rail Safety and Standards Board. 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
10. ^'RISQS: Assurance for the Industry'. Rail Technology Magazine. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
11. ^'Persons with significant control'. Companies House. Retrieved 24 September 2018.

External links[edit]

• Official website

Radha Soami, or Radhasoami Satsang, is a religious organization founded by Shiv Dayal Singh in 1861 on Basant Panchami Day in the Indian subcontinent.^[1][2] The nameless God beyond the gods is given a name: it is Radhasoami, according to those who follow the Agra branches of the movement. Repetition of the name (or names) enables the seeker to gain access to their energy to lift his/her own internal energy currents to the higher levels of God-consciousness, the realm of ethereal light and sound.^[3] The Radhasoami conception of the interior realm alluded to by the sants is articulated in considerably greater than it was by the sants themselves: it has multiple tiers, the discovery of which involves a journey through increasingly rarefied strata of consciousness.^[3], states Mark Juergensmeyer in his book 'Radhasoami Reality: The logic of a modern faith'.

The Radhasoami's, states Mark Juergensmeyer, shows that RS is not an offshoot of Sikhism--despite the common misconception--since it is not directly related; the two traditions, however, share some common roots and can also be considered a part of Hinduism because they share their cultural outlook, some practices and theological concepts such as karma, yoga (shabd) and guru. However, they are also different from Hindus and Sikhs because they reject the concept of a sacred scripture, rituals such as Karah Parshad and pilgrimage gatherings and ceremonies. The Radhasoamis are a religious fellowship that accepts saints and living gurus from anywhere.^[4]

The movement started in Agra, its contemporaneous headquarters are in Beas, with parallel branches found in India and outside India.^[1][4][5] There are over 30 different Radhasoami groups in the world.^[5] Competing Radhasoami groups have headquarters elsewhere such as in Dayalbagh, Agra.

Kamus dbp english bahasa melayu. According to Pierluigi Zoccatelli, there were an estimated 3 million Radhasoami followers worldwide in 2004, with many subsects based on the Guru. Of these, the Radha Soami Satsang Beas is the largest^[5] and it had 2 million followers.^[6] Other subsects and movements influenced by Radhasoami include Divine Light Mission, Eckankar, Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness, Science of Spirituality and others.^[6] Some of these groups have tried to distance themselves from the other.^[5] Succession upon the death of previous guru has been a source of controversies and schism in the Radhasoami movement since the beginning.^[5]

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Nomenclature[edit]

According to Mark Juergensmeyer, the term 'Radha Soami' is a vaishnava phrase for God (lit. 'the lord [Swami or Soami] of Radha, the concert of Krishna') despite the movement does not believe in an anthropomorphic God; however, so the term 'Radhasoami' mean the master of spiritual energy.^[7] Whereas the Agra branches viz. Dayalbagh, Soamibagh believe that Radhasoami is neither a phrase nor a derivative, but the supreme being itself in the form of sound (Dhwanyatmak) and light(Chaitanyam).

The writings of Swami Dayal use the term Sat Nam, rather than Radhasoami. Crtani pepa prase na srpskom jeziku. The gurus and the tradition that followed him used the term Radhasoami during the initiation rites, meditation practices and as mutual greeting. This has led to the fellowship being commonly called Radha Soami.^[8] In some subtraditions of Radhasoami, states Lucy DuPertuis, the guru's charisma is considered as the 'formless absolute', being in his presence is equivalent to experiencing the incarnation of the Satguru, the guru is identified as the Radhasoami.^[9]

Beliefs and practices[edit]

To the Radhsoamis, six elements form the framework of their faith:^[10]

• a living guru (someone as locus of trust and truth),
• bhajan (remembering Sat Nam, other practices believed to be transformative),
• satsang (fellowship, community),
• seva (serve others without expecting anything in return),
• dera (community organization, shrine), and
• bhandara (large community gathering).

The Radha Soami Satsang believes that living gurus are necessary for a guided spiritual life.^[1] They do not install the Guru Granth Sahib or any other scriptures in their sanctum, as they consider it ritualistic. Instead, the guru sits in the sanctum with the satsang (group of Sikh faithfuls) and they listen to preachings from the Adi Granth and sing hymns together.^[1] They believe in social equality, forbid caste distinctions and have attracted Dalits to their tradition. They are active outside India, and attracted converts to their movement.^[1]

The Radhasoami are strict vegetarians. They are active in charitable work such as providing free medical services and help to the needy. They do believe in some orthodox Sikh ritual practices such as covering one's head inside the temple or removing shoes, and they serve karah prasad (offering) at the end of prayers.^[1] Their basic practices include Surat Shabd Yoga (sound assisted meditation), initiation of disciple into the path by a living guru, obedience to the guru, a moral life that is defined by abstinence from meat, drugs, alcohol and sex outside marriage. They also believe that jivanmukti or inner liberation is possible during one's lifetime with guidance of the living guru.^[5]

See also[edit]

• Radha Soami Satsang Sabha, Dayalbagh

Gurus

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcdefgKristen Haar; Sewa Singh Kalsi (2009). Sikhism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 12–13. ISBN978-1-4381-0647-2.
2. ^Mark Juergensmeyer (1995). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton University Press. p. 90 note 5. ISBN0-691-01092-7., Quote: 'The date of Swami Shiv Dayal Ji's first public discourse is Basant Panchami Day, February 15 1861'
3. ^ ^abJuergensmeyer, Mark (1995-12-31). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton University Press. ISBN0691010927.
4. ^ ^abMark Juergensmeyer (1995). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton University Press. pp. 7–8, 14–18, 23, 55–57. ISBN0-691-01092-7.
5. ^ ^abcdefJames R. Lewis (2002). The Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions. Prometheus. pp. 590–592. ISBN978-1-61592-738-8.
6. ^ ^abPierluigi Zoccatelli (2004). Peter Clarke (ed.). Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. Routledge. pp. 508–509. ISBN978-1-134-49970-0.
7. ^Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade Clark (2012). Encyclopedia of Global Religion. SAGE. ISBN9780761927297.
8. ^Mark Juergensmeyer (1995). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton University Press. pp. 41–42 with footnotes. ISBN0-691-01092-7., Quote: 'The word Radhasoami literally refers to Krishna as lord (swami) of his consort, Radha' (p. 41); 'The Beas group translates Radhasoami as 'lord of the soul' (p. 42).
9. ^DuPertuis, Lucy (1986). 'How People Recognize Charisma: The Case of Darshan in Radhasoami and Divine Light Mission'. Sociological Analysis. Oxford University Press. 47 (2): 111–124. doi:10.2307/3711456., Quote: 'Various branches of Radhasoami have argued about the incarnationalism of Satguru (Lane, 1981). Guru Maharaj Ji has accepted it and identifies with Krishna and other incarnations of Vishnu.'
10. ^Mark Juergensmeyer (1995). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton University Press. pp. 11–12, 40–42. ISBN0-691-01092-7.

• ^ Larson, Gerald J. India's Agony Over Religion (1995). p. 136. SUNY Press (State University of New York) ISBN0-7914-2411-1

Further reading[edit]

• Juergensmeyer, Mark (1991). Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN0-691-07378-3
• Lane, David C (1992). The Radhasoami Tradition, New York. Garland Publishing. ISBN978-0-8240-5247-8
• Schomer, Karine & William Hewat McLeod, eds (1987).The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1987. Academic papers from a 1978 Berkeley conference on the Sants organised by the Graduate Theological Union and the University of California Center for South Asia Studies. ISBN81-208-0277-2

External links[edit]